Feem ntau siv cov kuab tshuaj alkane feem ntau muab faib ua ob pawg: aliphatic alkanes thiab cycloalkanes. Cov hom tshwj xeeb uas nquag siv hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab kev siv tshuaj lom neeg yog raws li hauv qab no:
1. Aliphatic Alkanes
Cov no yog cov ncaj- saws los yog branched saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons thiab yog cov feem ntau siv hom alkane hnyav:
• n-Hexane: Tsawg boiling point, muaj zog dissolving zog, feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv industrial tu thiab nplaum dilution. Nco ntsoov tias qhov ntev - raug cuam tshuam tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo neurotoxic.
- n-Heptane: me ntsis siab dua qhov kub ntawm n-hexane, nrog cov ntxhiab tsw me me, feem ntau siv hauv tshuaj pleev ib ce, tshuaj tsw qab extraction, thiab precision hluav taws xob tu.
- Pentane (n-pentane, isopentane): Tsis tshua muaj suab nrov, feem ntau siv hauv cov tshuaj ua npuas dej, cov tshuaj aerosol, thiab tseem tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau dilute inks.
- Octane (n-octane, isooctane): Isooctane yog tus qauv tshuaj rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kev lag luam- qib octane feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau txheej thiab roj hmab.
- Dodecane: Feem ntau siv rau hauv cov dej ua haujlwm hlau, cov khoom siv textile, thiab ua cov kuab tshuaj rau kev tsim cov tshuaj ntxuav tsev. Cov roj dawb (kua paraffin): Ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm C10-C18 alkanes, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsis muaj ntxhiab, dav siv hauv kev tu tawv nqaij txhua hnub, kev pab ua zaub mov, thiab cov tshuaj hnyav.
2. Cycloalkanes ua cov kuab tshuaj: Saturated alkanes nrog cov qauv cyclic muaj zog dissolving zog dua li aliphatic hydrocarbons thiab qis toxicity:
- Cyclohexane: Feem ntau siv los ua cov organic synthesis hnyav, pleev xim thinner, thiab kuj yog ib qho hnyav hnyav rau cov nplaum.
- Methylcyclohexane: Muaj lub zog yaj zoo dua li cyclohexane thiab qis toxicity; feem ntau yog siv los ua cov kuab tshuaj rau automotive coatings thiab printing inks.
- Decahydronaphthalene: Lub siab - boiling - taw tes cycloalkanes hnyav nrog lub zog dissolving muaj zog heev; siv rau dissolving resins thiab roj hmab, thiab ntxuav cov roj stains industrial.
- Cyclopentane: Siv los ua tus phooj ywg environmentally foaming agent los hloov Freon; kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov nplaum thiab xim kuab tshuaj.
3. Mixed alkane cov kuab tshuaj: Ua los ntawm alkanes nrog cov saw ntev sib txawv, tsim nyog rau kev sib cais thiab evaporating hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv:
- Cov roj hnyav: xws li 6#, 120#, thiab 200# hnyav roj av, yog tag nrho cov kuab tshuaj alkane sib xyaw, dav siv hauv cov txheej txheej, roj hmab, thiab cov kua roj luam yeeb.
- Isoparaffin cov kuab tshuaj: xws li Isopar series thiab Shellsol series, yog cov khoom sib xyaw ntawm cov ceg ntoo alkanes, uas tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw thiab tsis muaj tshuaj lom, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv siab -kawg tshuaj txhua hnub, hluav taws xob tu, thiab ntim zaub mov inks.