Aromatic hydrocarbons feem ntau muab faib ua peb pawg:
Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Muaj tsuas yog ib lub nplhaib benzene, cov no yog hom ntau tshaj plaws, sawv cev los ntawm benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, thiab lwm yam.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Muaj ob los yog ntau dua benzene rings, nrog rau kev ywj pheej benzene nplhaib qauv xws li biphenyl thiab diphenylmethane, nrog rau fused -ring aromatic hydrocarbons xws li naphthalene, anthracene, thiab benzo[a]pyrene;
Tsis yog -benzene aromatic hydrocarbons: Tsis muaj lub nplhaib benzene, tab sis ua rau Hückel's 4n +2 π electron txoj cai, nthuav tawm aromaticity, sawv cev los ntawm azurite thiab annulene, thiab lwm yam.
Cov yam ntxwv zoo
Noj benzene raws li ib qho piv txwv: cov benzene molecule muaj cov qauv hexagonal, nrog tag nrho cov pa roj carbon atoms sp² hybridized, thiab carbon -carbon bond lengths tag nrho nruab nrab (kwv yees li 140 teev, ntawm ib thiab ob daim ntawv cog lus); lub unhybridized p orbitals ntawm txhua carbon atom yog perpendicular mus rau lub dav hlau, overlapping rau delocalized loj π bonds, thiab tag nrho cov tooj ntawm π electrons ua raws li Hückel txoj cai (4n+2, benzene muaj 6 π electrons, n=1); Cov qauv hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb no ua rau muaj kev sib haum xeeb: kev ruaj ntseg molecular ntau dua li ntawm cov tsis muaj dej tsis txaus hydrocarbons, ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab ntxiv, nyuaj hauv oxidation, thiab yooj yim tshwm sim ntawm electrophilic hloov cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov alkenes zoo tib yam.
Khoom thiab Qhov Chaw
Lub cev muaj zog: Insoluble hauv dej, yooj yim soluble hauv cov kuab tshuaj organic; qhov ceev yog feem ntau qis dua dej; boiling point nce nrog nce tus txheeb ze molecular pawg; para-isomers feem ntau muaj cov ntsiab lus melting ntau dua vim qhov sib luag ntawm cov molecular.
Cov peev txheej muaj: Kev lig kev cai tau txais los ntawm cov thee tar fractionation, niaj hnub no tsuas yog tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv roj av catalytic. kuv lub teb chaws tau tam sim no tau paub txog kev ywj pheej thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon ntau lawm tshuab, txo qis kev siv zog.
Kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (xws li benzo[a]pyrene) feem ntau pom muaj nyob hauv cov pa luam yeeb thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis tiav, thiab feem ntau yog cov carcinogenic; benzene vapor tuaj yeem ua rau hematopoietic muaj nuj nqi, thiab benzene tebchaw tawm los ntawm cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj tuaj yeem ua rau huab cua sab hauv tsev.