Basic General Properties
Solubility: Aromatic hydrocarbons yog tsawg-polarity organic compounds, insoluble nyob rau hauv dej, tab sis soluble nyob rau hauv non-polar organic solvents xws li diethyl ether, carbon tetrachloride, thiab roj av ether. Cov kua uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons kuj yog cov organic solvents zoo heev.
Qhov ntom ntom: Feem ntau cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons muaj qhov ntom ntom tsawg dua dej. Cov khoom sib xyaw xws li benzene, toluene, thiab xylene muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm 0.86-0.88 g / cm³. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons muaj me ntsis siab dua, tab sis tseem feem ntau tsawg dua 1 g / cm³.
Lub cev lub cev: Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (xws li benzene, toluene, thiab xylene) feem ntau yog cov kua uas tsis muaj xim nrog cov yam ntxwv tsw ntxhiab tsw; siab molecular hnyav polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons yog cov xim tsis muaj xim lossis dawb. Feem ntau cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons muaj qee qhov kev mob toxicity.
Melting thiab Boiling Point Patterns
Boiling Point Variation: Raws li tus txheeb ze molecular loj ntawm aromatic hydrocarbons nce, lub boiling point monotonically nce. Rau isomers, qhov polarity muaj zog dua, qhov kub siab dua. Piv txwv li, lub boiling point xaj ntawm xylene yog o-xylene > m-xylene > para-xylene. Qhov no yog vim muaj zog polarity txhais tau tias muaj zog intermolecular van der Waals rog.
Melting Point Variation: Melting point tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau cov txheeb ze molecular mass tab sis kuj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau molecular symmetry: qhov zoo dua qhov sib txawv, qhov ntau nruj ntim cov molecules, lub zog intermolecular zog, thiab siab dua qhov melting point. Piv txwv li, benzene lub melting point yog txawv txav siab tshaj toluene's, thiab para-xylene lub melting point yog ntau dua o-xylene thiab m-xylene (para-xylene melting point 13℃, o-}xylene℃{{8}.