Hydrolysis: R-X + HOHR=OH + HX
Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, halogen atom hauv haloalkane molecule yog hloov los ntawm pawg hydroxyl los ntawm cov dej molecule. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no kuj qeeb, qeeb, thiab thim rov qab. Yog hais tias hydrolysis yog nqa tawm nrog lub hauv paus muaj zog aqueous tov, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau txoj cai vim hais tias cov hydrogen halide ua nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog neutralized los ntawm lub hauv paus, nyiam cov hydrolysis kev taw qhia.
Kev tshem tawm: RCH₂CH₂X + KOHRCH=CH₂ + KX + H₂O
Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, haloalkane, thaum cua sov hauv cov kua dej cawv, poob ib qho hydrogen halide molecule los ua ib qho alkene.
Kev tshem tawm: RCH₂CH₂X + KOHRCH=CH₂ + KX + H₂O
Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, haloalkane, thaum cua sov hauv cov kua dej cawv, poob ib qho hydrogen halide molecule los ua ib qho alkene.
Cov ntaub ntawv txuas ntxiv
Halogenated hydrocarbons tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog ntau yam hlau los tsim cov tshuaj organometallic, ntawm cov Grignard reagents yog cov chav kawm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tebchaw. Qhov no tshwm sim thaum ib tug haloalkane reacts nrog magnesium nyob rau hauv anhydrous diethyl ether los tsim ib tug organomagnesium compound, uas ces khub niam txiv nrog ib tug reactive haloalkane xws li allyl los yog benzyl halides tsim ib hydrocarbon.
Ntau cov halogenated hydrocarbons yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tua hluav taws, cov tub yees (xws li Freon), cov tshuaj ntxuav (cov tshuaj ntxuav kom qhuav, tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws), cov tshuaj loog (xws li chloroform, tam sim no tsis siv), tshuaj tua kab (xws li hexachlorocyclohexane, tam sim no txwv kev lag luam), thiab vinyl chloride cov ntaub ntawv raw. tetrafluoroethylene).